Question: 

Can getting a tattoo cause cancer?

Answer from dermatologist Erin Barrett, MD: 

Newly tattooed skin is considered traumatized with a compromised barrier, making it more sensitive to the sun and other irritants. This is why tattoo artists will ask their clients to protect newly tattooed skin from the sun. However, outside of new tattoos, even existing tattoos may have certain health risks, although some of the evidence is conflicting.

What the research has found

Tattoos and Sensitivity to Sun

Tattoos can be associated with phototoxic (i.e. exaggerated sunburn caused by pigment) and photo allergic reactions (i.e. due to pigment acting as an allergen when reacting with the sun). 

Some studies have shown that, in tattoos, certain pigments may absorb UV radiation and cause irritation and DNA damage. One study found that 25% to 60% of people with tattoos experienced swelling or burning after sun exposure. 

Black and red ink have been more commonly reported to cause this reaction. It’s suspected that these two colors absorb sunlight and generate reactive oxygen species. But these studies aren’t definitive. In fact, other conflicting studies have shown that certain inks, like black ink with titanium oxide, may offer some sun protection.

Tattoos and Cancer

Other studies have looked for connections between tattoos and increased risk of lymphoma. A Danish study of identical twins found a higher rate of lymphoma in tattooed individuals, and a recent Swedish study found a possible link between large tattoos and lymphoma. Still, both studies were small, and more research is needed before drawing conclusions. 

How to protect tattooed skin

A phototoxic or photo allergic reaction will cause pain and irritation around the tattooed skin. Protecting your skin is key: 

• Avoid peak sun hours (usually between 10:00 a.m. and 3 p.m.).  

• Wear clothing that protects you from UV radiation. 

• Apply sunscreen. Use mineral sunscreen containing zinc or titanium, which creates a physical barrier to UV rays. 

• Sunscreen sticks are useful for applying directly to tattooed areas. 

Many people don't realize that sun exposure, particularly UVA exposure, often occurs when driving. If you notice changes in your skin that concern you, make an appointment with a dermatologist.