Question:

Are spray tans and self-tanners the safe way to tan?

Answered by Naudia Bergen, University of Nebraska Medical Center student:

A sun-kissed tan provides the appearance many people desire during the summer months. As an alternative to sun tanning, some people are choosing self-tanner creams and spray tans to get that golden glow. But are these alternatives a safe way to tan? 

Nearly 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun increases that risk, as do indoor tanning beds, which also emit harmful UV radiation. 

Compared to suntanning outdoors or indoor tanning beds, self-tanners are safer alternatives, but they do carry some risks. These products contain dihydroxyacetone, also known as DHA, an additive that reacts with the amino acids in the skin to produce a temporary tan. The American Academy of Dermatology considers DHA in self-tanning creams a safer alternative to tanning. The reaction is limited to the top layers of the skin, and there is no evidence it affects the entire body. However, the FDA has not approved DHA-containing aerosols, such as airbrush or spray tans, due to safety concerns regarding inhalation of the mist and its effect on the lungs.

To spray tan safely, take these measures:

• Do not spray the face.
• Avoid contact with all mucous membranes (mouth, throat, nose, urethra, rectum, vagina), broken skin or open sores.
• Wear protective eyewear to prevent contact with the eyes.
• Wear a mask to protect the lips and prevent inhalation.
• Spray tan in a well-ventilated area.
• Use sunscreen, as sunless tannings provide very little protection from the sun.

Additional concerns of DHA: 

• The most common side-effect of DHA is localized skin reaction. It is recommended to trial a small area of the skin before application on a larger area.
• It may make dermatitis worse and can cause skin dryness in individuals with sensitive skin.
• DHA can alter the growth of cells in cultured skin cells; however, there is no evidence that it behaves the same way in humans. 

Other questions you might have

Can spray tans cause cancer? Can the chemicals enter your bloodstream? Is it safe for pregnant women? 

Unfortunately, there is not enough data to address these risks yet. If you are pregnant, it is best to avoid spray tans during your pregnancy. If you have to have that golden glow, a self-tanning lotion without DHA may be the safest alternative