Coughs are usually harmless and can go away on their own. But how do you know when a cough is something more serious? Chloe Condrey, PA-C, shares what to watch for and when to seek medical care.

What can cause a lingering cough?

Many things can lead to a lingering cough. The most common is a post-viral infection, which can leave you coughing for weeks after a cold. 

Other causes include:

• Acid reflux or GERD.
• Asthma.
• Certain medications, such as those for high blood pressure.
• Chronic lung issues like COPD.
• Heart conditions that cause fluid buildup in the heart and/or lungs.

What helps?

Treatment depends on the cause of your cough. If it’s from a bacterial infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. In most other cases, treatment focuses on easing symptoms and managing the root issue.

To feel better, you may try: 

• Over-the-counter remedies – cough syrups, suppressants or sore throat lozenges.
• Rest and hydration – drinking plenty of fluids may help provide relief.

When should you seek medical care?

“If your cough lasts for more than three weeks or keeps getting worse, it’s a good idea to see a doctor, as it may be a sign of something more serious,” Condrey says.

You should seek medical care right away if you have any of the following:

• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pain.
• Coughing up blood.
• Fever or rash.
• Trouble swallowing.
• Wheezing.
• A history of lung or heart disease.
• Recent travel to areas with higher risk for illness.

“If your symptoms aren’t urgent but your cough isn’t improving, reach out to your doctor,” Condrey says. “If you can’t get in right away, immediate care clinics are a great option—many offer evening and weekend hours.”

You might also be able to use telehealth, depending on your condition. If you’re unsure whether you need an in-person or virtual appointment, this list of telehealth visit types by condition is a good place to start.